农地流转的新特点及农民失权状况分析

An Analysis of the New Characteristics of Farmland Transfer and Farmer's Right Loss in Its Process

土地流转和农业实行规模经营的提出,农村兴起了新一轮的圈地高潮。由地方政府主导的大规模土地流转不可能有效保障土地流转的农民权益。农村土地产权模糊、农民集体经济组织缺位、地方政府职能错位、土地市场化流转难起步是农民土地流转权益得不到有效保障的主要原因。解决的途径:一是深化农村土地产权制度改革,在界定、测定农村集体土地范围和数量的基础上,将集体土地确认到以组(自然村)为主的农民集体经济组织,并以股权形式量化给集体经济组织成员,组建农民土地股份合作社;二是尊重农民意愿,实行土地的市场化流转;三是建立健全流出土地农民的基本生活、再就业和创业的社会保障机制。

New land enclosure movement have arisen after the farmland transfer and land scale operation proposed.Farmers legitimate rights and interests can not be effectively protected during the large-scale farmland transfer guided by the local government.This situation is caused by：fuzzy property rights of rural land;farmers absence of collective economic organizations;dislocation of local government functions;difficult to start farmland transfer in the land market,ect.To solve these problems,we must deepen reform of rural land property rights system first.On the basis of definiting rural collective land area and numbers,assign the collective land to xiaozu（villages）,then allocate it to members of the collective economic organizations in the form of quantitative equity.Second,respect for the peasants,implement the market-oriented farmland transfer.Third,establish and perfect land-out farmers＇ social security system,including the basic living system,re-employment and starting an enterprise＇s institution.