东汉镇墓文的文体功能及其文体借鉴

On the Stylistic Function and Reference of Zhenmuwen in Eastern Han Dynasty

汉代民间信仰仪式对言辞、文书等有着特殊的重视,带有浓重巫术宗教色彩的镇墓文就是其中的代表。基于自身的特殊功用,镇墓文在文体的选择和运用上也有着极强的目的性。它将已经具有稳定形态的指令性公文作为自身文体形态的基本框架,同时在官府文书威严的语言躯壳内附加了巫术咒语胁迫、恫吓等情感性言辞,巧妙吸纳两种文体共同的修辞特性和文体权威以加强自身的震慑力,从而形成一种特殊的、极具时代特色的墓葬文体形式。

The ordinary people＇s rituals of Han dynasty showed a special attention to wording style and documents. The inscription of Zhenmu with profound witchcraft religious coloring is a good example. The inscription shows a strong purpose in selecting and practicing the style based on its special function. It sets a stable mandatory document as its style frame; meanwhile, it adds some incantations and words with force and threat under the disguise of rigorous official documents. Deterrent force has been greatly increased after its artful combination of rhetoric characteristic and of two styles, thus forming a special literary style with characteristics of the times.