农村留守儿童心理健康状况分析

Influencing factors of mental health among left-behind children in rural area

目的探讨农村留守儿童心理健康状况及影响因素。方法随机分层整群抽取江苏省徐州市沛县地区5所小学4~6年级共748名留守儿童,采用自行设计的调查问卷及心理健康诊断测验量表（MHT）进行现况调查。结果不同性别留守儿童在恐怖症状和总焦虑倾向得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;监护人中72.5%为母亲照顾,20.9%为（外）祖父母,1.4%为父亲,5.2%为其他人监护。监护人文化程度构成中文盲占10.8%,小学占40.4%,初中占34.4%,高中及以上占14.4%;以监护人不同文化程度分组,留守儿童在学习焦虑、自责倾向、恐怖症状和总焦虑倾向得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;父母不同外出打工时间,留守儿童在自责倾向、身体症状及冲动倾向得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论女生、监护人文化程度较低或父母外出打工时间较长,农村留守儿童心理健康状况相对较差。

Objective To explore influencing factors of mental health among left-behind children in rural area.Methods Overall 748 school children of grade four to six were selected randomly from 5 primary schools and investigated with a questionnaire and Mental Health Test（MHT）using cluster stratified sampling.Results Between male and female left-behind children,significant differences were observed in phobic symptom and total score of anxiety tendency（P0.05）.72.5% of the children were cared by their mothers,20.9% by grandparents,1.4% by fathers,and 5.2% by others.10.8% of guardians of the children were illiteracy,40.4% with primary school education,34.4% with middle school,and 14.4% with high school and above.Among the children,there were signficant differences in study anxiety,self-blame tendency,phobic symptom and total score of anxiety between the children under guardians with different education level（P0.05）.The children with longer time of parents working outside had significant higher scores of self-blame tendency,body symptom,and impulsion tendency（P0.05）.Conclusion Among the left-behind children in rural area,the schoolgirls,the children under guardians with lower education,and the children with longer time of parents working outside hometown have more mental health problems.