北京市郊区儿童哮喘病影响因素病例对照研究

Influence factors of asthma among children in suburban region of Beijing

目的了解北京市郊区儿童哮喘病相关影响因素,为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷抽取北京市郊区小学27 445名1~5年级小学生父母进行横断面调查,对按标准筛查出的370例哮喘病例组学生和868名对照组学生父母进行病因调查。结果病例组低出生体重、非足月出生、母乳喂养〉6个月、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症、被动吸烟和家中燃煤做饭且不排风的比例分别为8.4%,10.0%,69.7%,21.4%,26.2%,34.3%,77.0%和26.8%;对照组分别为4.2%,6.0%,75.7%,8.3%,17.7%,11.7%,70.6%和19.8%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,低出生体重、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症和家中燃煤做饭且不排风是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的危险因素;母乳喂养〉6个月是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的保护因素。结论应针对儿童易患哮喘病的危险因素制定相应的预防措施,提倡母乳喂养,以降低患哮喘的相对危险性。

Objective To investigate the susceptibility factors of asthma among children in suburban region of Beijing and to provide reference to intervene asthma.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the parents of 27445 pupils of grade 1 to grade 5 selected with random cluster sampling.Then a case-control study was carried out among 370 cases and 868 controls selected from the study population.The data on influence factors of asthma were obtained with a questionnaire to their parents.Results The frequency of low birth weight,non-full-term birth,breast-feeding more than 6 months,family history of asthma,family history of allergy,having allergy,passive smoking,and no ventilation while cooking with coal at home was 8.4%,10.0%,69.7%,21.4%,26.2%,34.3%,77.0%,and 26.8% in case group and 4.2%,6.0%,75.7%,8.3%,17.7%,11.7%,70.6%,and 19.8%in the control group,respectively,with significant differences between the two groups（P0.05 for all）.Multivariate logistic regression showed that low birth weight,family history of asthma or allergy,having allergy,and no ventilation while cooking with coal were risk factors of childhood asthma in suburban region of Beijing;breast-feeding more than 6 months was a protective factor.Conclusion The children with low birth weight,family history of asthma or allergy,having allergy,no ventilation while cooking with coal at home tend to have a higher prevalence of asthma,whereas breast-feeding more than 6 months decreases the risk of asthma.