石墨/铜铁基自润滑复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

Study on Tribological Properties of Graphite/Cu-Fe Matrix Self-lubricating Composites

采用感应加热烧结粉末冶金的方法,以铜铁合金为基体,添加石墨制备石墨/铜铁基自润滑复合材料,对比研究了添加石墨前后2种材料的组成、结构、表面形貌及摩擦学性能,并分析了磨损机理。研究结果表明:添加石墨能起到润滑作用,使材料的摩擦因数减小,磨损率降低;添加的石墨一部分转化成新态,其余则进入材料的空隙中,在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜起到减摩的作用;添加石墨后,摩擦材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损变为磨粒磨损。

By adding graphite in Cu-Fe matrix,the graphite/Cu-Fe matrix self-lubricating composites were prepared by means of induction hot-pressing sintering method.Comparing to Cu-Fe matrix,the composition,structure,surface morphology of composite with graphite were investigated.Furthermore,wear mechanism was analyzed.Experimental results show that,with increasing graphite content,friction coefficient and wear rate decrease;graphite additive is changed into new alloy partly,rest of graphite comes in gap to be lubricating film and plays a role in reducing wear loss.Meanwhile,wear mechanism of composites has been changed from abrasive wear to grain wear.