浙江长兴梅栽培历史考

Study on the History of Cultivating Plum in Changxing,Zhejiang Province

浙江省长兴县是全国著名的"青梅之乡"、"红梅之乡",种植历史极为悠久,源头最早可以追溯到新石器时代。唐宋人的诗歌作品中开始写及山区的梅花风景,明代中期开始出现大规模种植的梅花景观,入清后这种情况继续发展。清乾隆以来,当地的乌梅产量、质量超过邻县安吉,在湖州七县中最为突出。这种情况一直延续到民国年间,并在上世纪三十年代早期进入一个高峰。长兴梅的持续发展得力于优越的地理条件,长兴梅的辉煌历史表明,梅的发展无论是经济种植,还是观赏栽培,应该充分考虑当地的地理条件,尊重植物生长的自然规律。只有像长兴这样气候条件适宜、低山和丘陵为主的地区,梅产业的发展才有强大的活力。

Changxing County in Zhejiang province is a famous hometown of green plum and red plum,where the history of cultivating is extremely long and its origin could be traced back to the Neolithic age.The poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties started to refer to the plum blossom scenery in mountain area,in the middle of Ming Dynasty large-scale plum scenery began to appear and developed sequentially after entering Qing Dynasty.Since the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty,the yield and quality of dark plum in Changxing exceeded the neighboring county Anji and became the most outstanding in the seven counties of Huzhou.This situation continued to the republic of China and reached a peak in the early 1930s.The continuous development of plum in Changxing is due to its preferable geographical condition,and the past successes of plum in Changxing tell us that the development of plum cultivating industry,whether economical cropping or ornamental planting,should have sufficient consideration on the local geographical condition and respect the natural law of plant growth.Only in the Low Mountain and hill dominating area with good growing weather like Changxing,the development of plum industry could be vigorous.