引力模型与商品市场分割研究综述

The Gravity Equation and Estimates on Goods Market Segregation:A Review

贸易保护等因素所产生的市场分割一直是人们关注的话题,但是对其全面而准确的度量却长期困扰着学术界。McCallum(1995)应用极其简洁的引力方程定量估计了美国-加拿大边界导致的两国间市场分割程度,出乎意料的结果引起了学术界的广泛兴趣。引力方程也因此被许多研究者用于随后的经验研究、并随着经济全球化被推到了国际贸易研究领域的前台。随着新的贸易特征和贸易理论的出现,对边界效应的估计在理论、方法、结论和解释上都发生了巨大变化。本文根据引力方程发展过程、逻辑关联和理论基础对相关文献作了全面回顾和梳理,并对重要的理论、方法和实证结果进行比较。特别地,本文还对采用该方法研究我国国内市场分割现状的文献进行了回顾,并对进一步的研究提出了建议。

Market segregation resulting from protectionism or other factors has been a prime interest by academic researchers.But proper and accurate measurement of segregation has been particularly troublesome.Employing a concise gravity equation with border effects,McCallum(1995)was able to quantify the extent of market segregation between US and Canada.The results surprised the academic circle and aroused great interest in this topic.The gravity equation soon emerged on the frontier of academic research,and was used extensively in subsequent empirical studies.With new evidence unrevealed and new theories developed over time,studies on border effects have changed dramatically in theoretical foundations,methodology,results,and interpretations.This article gives a thorough review over recent literature on border effects according to their theoretical relations and the course of development.We make a systematic comparison between different theories,methods,and results.Specifically,we also include a review of recent studies on China's market segregation,for which we have suggested a few ways for future improvement.