经典“叙事”概念:外延、内涵及其超越

Classical narrative concept:extension and meaning

结构主义和形式主义是认识经典"叙事"概念的重要理论资源。由于不同叙事学家"聚焦"的不同,他们对"叙事"内涵的界定也显示出差别。概括起来,经典叙事学家对"叙事"内涵的界定主要有三种方式:其一,从外部确定"叙事"的边界,可以将其称为外延定义。这种外部界定主要通过探讨"叙事"与其他表现方式的不同,进而界定何为"叙事";其二,以"叙事"的内部构成要素确定其内涵,故将其称为内涵定义。这种内部界定主要着眼于故事以及讲述故事的方式来界定"叙事"的内涵。不同叙事学家因理论视界的差异又有二分法与三分法两种不同看法;其三,试图给出一个透明性的综合定义,以概括"叙事"的全面内涵。这种定义方式主要体现在经典叙事学的后期研究中,并显示出向后经典叙事研究转变的痕迹。

There are three angles to cognize the connotations of classical narrative concept： 1） is the extension definition,which confirms the narrative external boundary,discussing the differences between narrative and other representations,and 2） is the intension definition,which confirms the narrative internal factors,discussing the story itself and story-telling,and 3） is integrated definition,which tries to give a transparent definition summing up the all-sided connotations of narrative.The last one mainly applies in the late studies of classical narratology and shows the traces of narrative turning.