刑法解释的另一种路径:以“合类型性”为中心

Another Road of Criminal Law's Interpretation

传统的刑法适用机制,被理解为三段论式的逻辑涵摄。然而,这只是看到了法律适用过程的最后环节,而使得涵摄之外或之前的一切思维程序都陷入迷雾。事实上,刑法适用的核心主要不在于概念式的涵摄,而在于归类式的比较。在这一比较性的操作中隐含着某种新的解释方法——"合类型性解释"。在基本思路上,这种解释方法要求:对规范意义的探寻,必须回溯到"作为规范基础之类型",对超出类型轮廓的行为,则应予以排除。质言之,刑法解释需以"类型"为指导观念;在具体的操作路径上,这种解释方法是沿着典型案例的挑选、比较基点的确立、偏离限度的审查等基本流程而展开,是一种通过个案比较而使规范之内涵逐步精确化的方法。通过个案的不断积累,我们可以逐步摸索出规范的意义范围与边界所在,从而掌握类型的基本轮廓;在与其它解释方法的关系上,它与文义的、体系的、历史的、目的论的解释均存在一定差别,因而值得作为某种新的解释方法来认真对待。

Traditional criminal legal application mechanics has been understood as a syllogistic logic containment. But this understanding only saw the last step of legal application and draws all thought process beyond or before this containment into mist. The author of this article considers that the core of criminal legal application is not the conceptual containment but lay on the comparison of classification. He points out that in this kind of comparative process some kind of new interpretational method ＂pro -classification interpretation＂ hided. He makes a careful research on this method＇s rectuirements and other issues.