母婴同室新生儿医院感染监测与干预措施

Monitoring to Nosocomial Infection of Maternal and Newborn and Intervention Measures

目的了解母婴同室的新生儿医院感染发病情况及相关因素，探讨降低母婴同室新生儿医院感染发生率的干预措施。方法回顾性地分析2006年1月-2009年12月新生儿医院感染监测资料。结果新生儿发生医院感染92例，医院感染率为2．65％；医院感染发生部位以呼吸道感染为主（39．13％），其次为胃肠道（17．39％）、皮肤软组织（15．22％）、眼部（15．22％）及口腔感染（13.04％）；引起医院感染的病原菌主要以表皮葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌为主；母婴同室新生儿医院感染以高危新生儿为主，主要感染时间为出生后1～3d（79．35％）；低体重儿、早产儿、新生儿窒息的医院感染率分别为28．87％、33．71％、77．78％，与正常新生儿（0．18％）比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论应该积极监控出生〈3d的高危新生儿，采取有效的干预措施，降低新生儿医院感染的发生率。

OBJECTIVE To understand the newborn and maternal nosocomial infection and the relevant factors, to reduce the maternal and newborn nosocomial infections and discuss the intervention measures. METHODS A retrospective analysis of neonatal nosocomial infection monitoring data from Jan 2006 to Dec 2009 was performed. RESULTS The newborn nosocomial infection occurred in 92 cases with infection rate of 2. 65%. Among the neonatal nosocomial infection sites, the respiratory tract was the major （39. 13%）, secondly was the gastrointestinal tract（17.39%）, skin tissue（15.22%） , eyes （15.22%）and oral cavity（13.04%）. The pathogens causing nosocomial infection were mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coll. High-risk newborns with nosocomial infection were mainly after birth time for 1-3d. The infection rates of lower weight, premature and asphyxia were 28. 87%, 33. 71% and 77. 78%, respectively, compared with the normal neonate of 0. 18%. CONCLUSION The high-risk newborn with less than 3d should be actively monitored, the effective measures should be adopted to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection of newborns.