重塑中国形状:二战期间美国战略思维与中国少数民族边疆

Reshape China:American Strategic Thinking in World War II and China’s Ethnic Frontiers

本文着眼于分析第二次世界大战中美国外交政策对中国作为近现代民族国家的地缘形体的观念及其政策行为。中美政府各自对战后亚洲的政治格局的战略设想以及战时大国外交，都不可避免地牵涉到与美国的政策制定者对他们所认为介于中国外交和内政之间的“灰色区域”即中国的少数民族边疆地区的政治走向做出判断和预期。本文所披露的美国政府对上述问题所进行的政策计划细节，有助于了解中国领土属性转型的延续性及其国际背景，也有助于了解战后纠缠于亚洲“冷战”中的中国民族边疆问题的战时背景。

In World War Ⅱ the American government made foreign policy preparations for postwar East Asia, which involved conditions of China＇s ethnic frontiers in the north and the west. Contemplating possible problems of these frontiers and their solutions, American policy -makers rarely took the factor of ethnicity into consideration as they would in a European context. Instead, the overriding concern in Washington was how the wartime allies could maintain a stable great-power relationship after the war. Although maintaining a calculated indifference to- ward the inter-ethnic relations inside China, American policy-makers were highly sensitive about any possible inroad into China made by Soviet-cum-communist influence. In prioritizing the issue of ＂color＂ （guard against communist ideology） over that of ＂shape＂ （Chinese territoriality） in its China policy, Washington＇s wartime diplomacy, in a twisted way, contributed to finalizing the geo-body of China as a national state.