从“城市教育优先”到“城乡教育均衡”——新中国城乡教育关系述评

Turning the Urban Education Priority Policies into Balanced Urban and Rural Education Ones

新中国在20世纪50年代初期确立并形成了与"城乡二元体制"相适应的"城市优先"的教育发展方式,并先后经历了改革前"城市教育国家办、农村教育集体办"和改革后"城市教育国家办、农村教育靠集资"两种教育资源配置方式。20世纪90年代中期以来,配合"以工促农、以城带乡"的发展战略,国家确立了"城乡均衡"的教育发展理念,并通过调整农村教育的供给体制和实施对农村教育的特别性支持政策等方式,有效缩小城乡教育差距、促进城乡教育均衡发展。

In the early 1950s,New China established its education development mode which was corresponding to the 'urban-rural dual system' and characterized by the 'urban education priority',and had gone through two stages,one was before the Reform and characterized by the 'national supplied urban education,collective supplied rural education',the other was after the Reform and characterized by the 'national supplied urban education,rural education by raising funds'.Since the mid-1990s,in order to meet the development strategy of 'Promoting Agriculture through Industry and Developing Rural Areas Driven by Urban Areas',The Chinese Government establish the concept of 'balanced urban and rural education',and take some measures such as adjusting the supply system of rural education and implementing special policy for rural education and so on,which resulted in the coordination of urban and rural education resources,the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural education and the balanced development of urban and rural education.