结构主义遭遇了怎样的德里达

When Structuralism Encountered Derrida

在20世纪60年代,法国的结构主义承续传统的二元对立的形而上学,形成完整系统的结构模式,成为一时的显学。但不久即在内部出现像罗兰.巴特和德里达这样的解构理论家,特别是德里达,抓住了结构主义认为结构是在以无意义的各部分重建客体并由人制造意义的破绽,以结构主义重建的客体无始源意义为突破点,展开对形而上学一切领域对立模式的颠覆活动,进而一概否定文本的固有意义,建构了以挑战传统权威、消解逻各斯中心主义为能事的解构主义。但德里达解构二元对立只不过是颠倒对立结构项中的主次地位,并不能真正消除矛盾关系,原本的二元关系仍然存在。所以德里达所反对的二元分立,不论在实际关系中还是在他的思维中皆仍如其旧。

In 1960s,structuralism in France carried on the metaphysics of dualism,formed its systematic model,infiltrated in many subjects and became an important field of study.However,in France Roland Barthes and Derrida emerged as deconstructionists.Derrida in particular revealed many flaws in structuralism by pointing out that the reconstructed objects of structuralism had no ancestral meanings,subverted all opposite models in all the fields of metaphysics,denied the fixed meanings of text,and established the theory of deconstruction centered on challenging traditional authority and eliminating logos-centrism.