知识在创造性思维中作用述评

A Review on the Role of Knowledge in Creative Thought

图式知识、联结知识和基于案例的知识在创造性思维中发挥重要作用。图式中蕴含的规则或特征提供了形成新概念的基础,对生成观念的原创性具有影响;联结知识影响信息搜索的范围和质量,在创造性思维的观念生成和观念评价阶段发挥重要作用;案例中包含大量信息使个体可基于少量案例形成复杂的心理模型,利于创造性思维的问题建构、概念性组合、观念生成、观念评价等认知操作。创造性思维特定认知操作需调用某种或某几种知识,各种知识在创造性思维过程中交互影响,或彼此抑制、或彼此补偿、或彼此易化、或彼此增效。

Schematic knowledge,associational knowledge and case-based knowledge play an important role in creative thought.Principles and characters involved in schema provide bases for the formation of new concept,and have impact on the originality of idea generation.Associational knowledge influences the range and quality of information searching,and plays an important role in the idea generation and idea evaluation of creative thought.Abundant information involved in cases facilitates individuals in forming complex mental models based on fewer cases,and in carrying out such cognitive process as problem construction,conceptual combination,idea generation,idea evaluation in creative thought.Some types of knowledge are required to be transferred to certain cognitive processing,and certain processing utilizes one or more types of knowledge.Various types of knowledge interact with each other in the process of creative thought,the effects of which include inhibitory,compensatory,facilitative and synergistic ones.