社会认可:其特征和功能(英文)

Social Approval:Nature and Roles

社会认可指的是对于社会性决策或社会性事件的肯定或接纳。本文讨论认可的概念及其与认知的关系。认可是对于某种结果的肯定或接纳。认可包含元决策,但是比元决策更宽泛。认可有三个特征:公共性,评价性和批判性。它包含三个成分:理智上的赞同,情感上的接纳和行为上的准许。社会认可除了具有认可的一般功能——授权之外,另一项重要功能是进行民众情绪管理。认可有多种类型:决策者式的认可,决策程序式的认可,同行评审式的认可以及亲身听证式的认可。对于发展的紧迫感可使认可活动大大简化,而焦虑感使得人们倾向于亲身听证式认可。在听证式认可的时代,各种社会决策活动将越来越慎重,社会也因此越来越稳定。本文同时也提出了在听证式认可时代继续保持适当的社会变革活力的问题。

Approval was defined as affirmation or acceptance of decisions or events. Approval means meta-decision, but is beyond that. Approval has three components： （cognitive） agreement, （emotional） acceptance and behavioral admittance. Social approval refers to the approval of social decisions or social events. It has three features： community, valuation and criticalness. It plays two important social roles： authorization and socio-emotional management. Social approval can be divided into various categories： decision-maker oriented （DMO）, decision-process oriented （DPO）, peer-review oriented （PRO） and personal-hearing oriented （PHO） approval. Intense drive for developing may greatly simplify the process of .social approvals. Anxiety for personal interests may drive people to accept personalhearing approval. With the evolution of society, approval develops from the ancient theocracy-regalia style to the modern conmlonalty-individua/ity style. This article also raises the problem of maintaining social vigor in the era of hearingapproval.