宽叶金粟兰滇东北居群的繁殖生物学

Reproductive Biology of Chloranthus henryi (Chloranthaceae)in Northeastern Yunnan

对宽叶金粟兰（ＣｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓｈｅｎｒｙｉＨｅｍｓｌ）滇东北的野外居群和栽培植株花序发育、传粉、结实率、无性繁殖等观察试验的结果显示，宽叶金粟兰以种子繁殖为主，但有时可通过地下合轴茎顶端分支进行无性繁殖。其顶生、侧生花序均能正常开花结实，种子可萌发，在株丛周缘形成新个体。但其顶生花序与侧生花序的雄蕊异形，顶生花序花芽在地下分化形成，雄蕊具明显伸长的３个药隔和４个药室，不产香味，平均结实率６３％；侧生２、３级花序在直立枝条顶端叶腋中分化形成，无伸长药隔并仅具２个药室，在顶生花序果脱落后才开花结实，平均结实率７６％和８３％，略高于顶生花序。传粉实验观察证明其不需要昆虫传粉，为自花授粉可育，不同于本属其它植物。

By investigating the reproductive biology of Chloranthus henryi in Northeastern Yunnan, the result shows that the plant mainly reproduces by seeds. Vegetative reproduction occasionally occurs when the sympodial rhizome divides from two terminal buds. Both terminal and lateral inflorescence can produce mature fruit and seedlings are found around the parent plants, their stamen, however, interestingly heteromorphic. The anthers of terminal inflorescence developed under ground are bigger and each of them has 3 elongated connectives and 4 pollen sacs. On the other hand the anthers of lateral inflorescence developed above ground are smaller and each of them has one shortened connective with 2 pollen sacs only. The fruitset of terminal inflorescence is about 63% in average and that of lateral is 76% and 83% in average. The result of pollination insect investigation, bagged pollination experiments and indoor cultivation show that the plant is not insect-pollinating but self-pollinating, which is different from other species of Chloranthus . The heteromorphosis of its anther might be a simplifying adaption to pollinating style.