转基因作物与其野生亲缘种间的基因流

Gene Flow Between Transgenic Crops and Their Wild Related Species 

随着基因工程技术的突飞猛进，许多主要的农作物经过遗传修饰获得了优良的性状，并被批准进入市场。在美国，到１９９６年５月为止，经政府批准商业化的转基因作物已有７种；而在欧共体，仅在１９９１～１９９４年被释放作大田试验的转基因植物就达２９１个［１］。对于转...

Risk assessment is paid increasing attention along with the more and more releases of transgenic crops. Gene flow between transgenic crops and their wild related species is the main issue in the risk assessment. Transgene may escape spatially by pollination and escape temporally via seed bank as well. The formation of hybrids between transgenic crops and their wild related species is the evidence of spatial escape of transgene, that is the beginning of temporal escape of transgene. Many factors may influence the formation of hybrids between transgenic crops and their wild related species, and the fate of hybrids as well. The dispersion of crop pollens was studied with statistical models 50 years ago, and current mathematical models for describing the transgene escape are greatly improved. Physical isolation and the application of male sterile cultivars may prevent the dispersion of transgenic pollens, but it may not thoroughly cut off the gene flow between transgenic crops and their wild related species. The experience and knowledge obtained from small scale release have to be further deliberated as these will be used for risk assessment on commercialized release.