腾冲红花油茶自然和人工种群种实性状变异研究

Variations of fruit and seed traits of natural and artificial populations in Camellia reticulata L

为了选择改良腾冲红花油茶的种实经济性状,对面积较大的3个天然种群和6个人工种群样株的12个种实性状和指标的变异进行了分析。结果显示:除果径在起源间无显著差异外,其余性状在起源间、起源内种群间及种群内单株间的变异均达到极显著水平,其方差分量为单株间>起源内种源间>起源间,不同性状相对变异程度有所不同。果实性状中果型与种子性状、产量性状呈显著或极显著负相关,其他性状与种子性状、产量性状呈显著或极显著正相关;种子性状与产量性状呈极显著正相关;果型、单果籽质量、出籽率、仁油率、籽油率及果油量是主要的遗传变异性状;果型、海拔与单位面积产油量呈显著负相关。提出了腾冲红花油茶群体和优株选择的主要指标和策略,为其可持续改良提供了科学依据。

For the purpose of improving the fruit and seed traits by selection,12 fruit and seed traits of sample trees from 3 natural stands and 6 artificial plantations with large size in Camellia reticulata L.were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant variations among genesis,seed sources and individual trees for all traits,except for diameters of fruit.The general rankings in percentage of variance component for different resources were individual,seed resource and genesis.The correlative coefficients between length against width of fruit and other seed traits,as well as oil content indices were negative significant.The correlative coefficients between seed traits and oil content indices were positive significant.The traits as length against width of fruit,seed weight per fruit,kernel ratio per seed,oil content per seed and oil content per fruit were with much higher variations for each resource and higher values for improvement by selection.There were significant negative correlations between length against width of fruit,elevation and oil content of fruit.The traits and strategy for selection in C.reticulata were suggested.Selection of populations and elite trees with higher value in tea-oil production potential should be much benefit for further development of tea-oil industry of C.reticulata in China.