摘要
In midday ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves have to bear photon flux density over 1400 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 in combination with high temperatures around 35 ℃ at natural habitat. They show typical midday depression of stomatal conductance and of CO 2 assimilation rate. The zeaxanthin changes with light intensity during the day. The influence of the combination of strong light and temperature on photoinhibition was also examined in the laboratory. A low CO 2 internal conductance (31 mmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) was found in ginkgo leaves, which had been exposed to excessive light at temperature between 15 ℃ and 35 ℃ with reduced CO 2 (80 μL·L -1 ) or oxygen (2%) for 2 h, causing a low CO 2 concentration at the carboxylation site and a high proportion of photorespiration. The ratio of electron transport to CO 2 fixation was rather high in ginkgo (16 e -/CO 2 at 25 ℃) as compared with other plants. It increased with temperature also in 2% O 2 which could not be explained solely as due to change of photorespiration. The reduction of oxygen in 340 or 80 μL·L -1 CO 2 had no effect on the extent of photoinhibition at all temperatures, which indicated that electron flow caused by photorespiration in excess light was negligible in protective effect in ginkgo leaves. However, a decreased CO 2 concentration increased photoinhibition, especially at high temperature. It is concluded that the dissipation of excessive excitation energy in the PSⅡ antennae through the xanthophyll cycle may be the major protective mechanism to preventing from the deteriorated effects of strong light in ginkgo leaves.
田间条件下，夏季晴天中午银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）叶片经常遭受强光（超过１４００μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１）和高温（３５℃左右）胁迫，气孔导度和ＣＯ２同化速率出现明显的“午休”现象。叶黄素循环关键组分玉米黄质在一天中随着光强而变化。在室内分析了强光和高温交互作用对银杏叶片光抑制的影响。在１５～３５℃温度范围内和１４００μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１光强下，银杏叶片分别在空气中、低ＣＯ２浓度（８０μＬ·Ｌ－１）和２％Ｏ２条件下处理２ｈ。银杏叶肉ＣＯ２导度低（约３１ｍｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１），导致羧化部位ＣＯ２浓度低，光呼吸较强。在空气中，电子传递与固定ＣＯ２之比较高（１６ｅ－／ＣＯ２，２５℃）。此比率在２％Ｏ２条件下仍随温度的升高而增大，仅用光呼吸的变化不能解释。在１５～３５℃温度范围内和不同ＣＯ２浓度下，降低Ｏ２虽然导致电子传递速率下降，但对光抑制程度无影响，表明强光条件下光呼吸对银杏叶片无保护作用。
