自我说服的旷达:对话理论视野中的苏轼“旷达”形象问题——兼谈林语堂《苏东坡传》的中西文化观

Self-persuaded Broad-mindedness:On Sushi' Broad-mindedness in the Observation of Dialogue Theory——Lin Yutang's Conception of the East and West in The Gay Genius

苏轼的"旷达"形象,经过历代的不断塑造,近世又得林语堂的极力推崇,在人们心中可谓根深蒂固。但若借助巴赫金对话理论,就会发现这种贬谪后的"旷达"处处体现着苏轼"自我说服"的特征:不论是初贬黄州的前《赤壁赋》和《定风波》,还是惠儋时的和陶,也无论对佛学教义的学习,或是诗歌中的用事,都是如此。历代对苏轼"旷达"形象的推崇,带着"乐感文化"的心理,而林语堂对苏轼"旷达"形象的极端化表述,则是"五四"以来西学东进的强势下对民族文化心态确认的结果。

Sushi＇s Broad-mindedness,molded through the dynasties and highly praised by Lin Yutang in modern times,has already been rooted in people＇s minds.However,if we refer to Bakhtin＇s Dialogue Theory,the Broad-mindedness in Sushi＇s hard times was characterized by self-persuasion.Many of his works,in terms of Ode to the Red Cliff and Ding Feng Bo in Huangzhou,the poems written in response to works of Tao Yuanming in Huizhou and Danzhou,the absorption from Buddhism,and the use of allusions in his poems,exceedingly reflect this characteristics.Because of Chinese ＂happy-sense＂ culture,people adore Sushi＇s Broad-mindedness,but Lin Yutang expressed it to the extreme,resulting in reaffirmation of national culture against Western influence and pressure since the May 4th Movement.