脉冲等离子体推力器的发展及关键技术

Development and Key Technique for Pulsed Plasma Thruster

微卫星和小卫星的出现推动了脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的发展。脉冲等离子体推力器整个系统由推力器本体、放电点火回路、控制逻辑电路和电源转换装置4部分构成。目前PPT技术的研究重点是提高电容器的寿命和建立小冲量实验测试系统,对各物理过程模型化的精确描述进行攻坚研究等。需要开展的关键技术研究主要有采用先进的电源系统和一体化的电源处理系统;构建多分力测量的试验系统;研制先进的试验设备和测试仪器系统;对PPT内的等离子体流动进行磁流体动力学建模和分析等。随着小卫星技术的迅速发展,小卫星轨道控制用电推进技术被列为需要解决的关键技术。高性能固态推进剂脉冲等离子体推力器的研制可以为微卫星和小卫星的组网应用提供具有实用价值的轨道控制手段。

The appearance of microstatellite and ministatellite promted the development of pulsed plasma thruster. The system of pulsed plasma thruster is composed of a noumenon,discharge set fire circuit,controlling logical circuit and power converter.Currently,study emphasis on extending capicitor life,establishing small momentum experimental measurement system and describe excately all physical process models hardly. Main key techniques carried out adopted advanced power system,integrated power treatment system,established multi-component force measurement system,study advanced experimental equipment and measurement apparatus system and established magnetic hydrodynamic models and analysis. With minisatellite technique development,electronic propellent technique is listed as key technique to settled hardly for minisatellite orbit-controlling. Study on high performance solid-propellent pulsed plasma thruster can provide a practical valuable mean for microsatellite and minisatellite network building applying.