若干新型肥料在现代农业生产中的应用

The Application of Some New Fertilizer on Modern Agricultural Production

新型肥料和常规肥料既有区别又有联系,通常新型肥料是在常规肥料的基础上发展起来的.常规肥料是指"提供植物养分为主要功用和部分兼有改善土壤性质的物料",新型肥料是指"加入新材料,采用新工艺、新设备,改变品种或剂型提高肥料利用率的肥料".与常规化学肥料或与施肥技术改进有关的新型肥料,一是以常规化学氮肥为基础的新型肥料,即缓释氮肥和控释氮肥,其合成有机微溶性氮肥和包膜氮肥两种类型均能有效减少氮素损失,提高氮肥利用率;二是通过改进施肥技术形成的新型肥料,即叶面肥料,叶面肥在我国已成了一种产业;三是农作物栽培方式变革应用的新型肥料,即CO2气体肥料,适于设施农业施用,保护地蔬菜增产效果非常显著;四是类似微量元素肥料功效的新型肥料,即稀土肥料,对各种作物有多方面的促进生长和增产效应.新型肥料的生产和应用有广阔的发展前景.开发新型肥料,为农业提供高效、优质、对路的肥料产品,对建设现代农业具有重要意义.

There are differences and contacts between new and regular fertilizer.Usually,new fertilizer is developing on the basis of regular ones.Regular fertilizer refers to those materials that mainly offer nutrient to plants and partly improve soil quality.Regular fertilizer refers to that which can change breeds or formulation to raise fertilizer utilization through adding new material and adopting new technologies and equipments.New fertilizer is connected with regular fertilizers or with the improvement of technique of fertilization.One,slow-released nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer based on regular fertilizer include composed,organic,slightly soluble nitrogen fertilizer and coated nitrogen fertilizer both of which can reduce the damage of nitrogen and can enhance the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.Two,foliar fertilizer formed through changing fertilization technique has developed to become an industry.Three,CO2 gas fertilizer applied in the process of transformation of the crop＇s cultivation mode is suited to facility agriculture and will produce a very remarkable result in the aspect of the increase production of vegetables.Four,rare earth fertilizer resembling with the efficacy of microelement fertilizer can promote growth and increase production of different kinds of crops.There are broad developing prospects in the aspect of the production and utilization of new fertilizer.Developing new fertilizer will be of great significance to the construction of modern agriculture and to the offer of high efficiency,high quality fertilizer products.