松花江鱼体中重金属的富集及污染评价

Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Fishes of Songhua River and Its Pollution Assessment

为研究松花江鱼类重金属的污染现状,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了松花江鱼体中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量,利用F732-V型测汞仪测定了Hg含量,并采用均值型综合污染指数法对重金属污染进行评价。结果表明,松花江鱼体中重金属含量从高到低依次为Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg、Cd,其中,Cu、Zn含量在第二松花江和干流江段的差异不大,Pb和Hg含量在第二松花江江段明显高于干流江段,而Cd含量在干流江段相对较高。不同鱼类体内重金属含量差异较大,除Zn以外,其他4种重金属在肉食性鱼类体内的含量均高于杂食性和植食性鱼类。2006年监测结果表明,松花江鱼体中Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd含量均较低,其污染状况较20世纪90年代已明显好转,但Pb污染程度却在不断加剧,并且受Pb污染的影响,松花江鱼类重金属的综合污染程度较高,特别是第二松花江江段已达到重污染水平。

In order to research on the current status of heavy metal pollution of fishes in Songhua River,concentrations of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd in fishes from this river were determined with an atomic absorption spectrometer and concentration of Hg with an F732-V mercury analyzer,and the heavy metal pollution assessed with the mean-based comprehensive pollution index method.Results show that the contents of heavy metals in fishes were found in the order of ZnPbCuHgCd.Little difference was observed between fishes from the Second Songhua River and the main stream of Songhua River in Cu and Zn concentrations,and the Pb and Hg concentrations found in the Second Songhua River were higher than that in the main stream of Songhua River,however,higher concentrations of Cd were found in the main stream of Songhua River.The concentrations in fishes varied sharply among species.All the metals in carnivorous fish except Zn were higher than those in omnivorous and herbivorous species.At present,the concentrations of Cu,Zn,Hg and Cd in fishes from Songhua River are relatively low,and the pollution is much lighter in 2006 than in the 1990s.However,the pollution of Pb is still aggravating steadily.As a result of the high concentration of Pb,the fishes from Songhua River are still quite high in integrated heavy metal pollution,especially the fishes from the Second Songhua River,which has already reached the level of heavy pollution.