从委托代理模式看中央集权下的中国科学建制化(1949-1966)

Institutionalization of Chinese Science under the Centralization of State Power in the Sight of "Principal-Agent" Theory(1949-1966)

以前人涉及较少而又必要的史实资料为基础,引入并改造西方关于政治与科学关系的"委托代理"理论,将建国初期的主要行动者根据其功能目标和行为规则加以区分:执政党、行政部门和科学机构,三者围绕利益、权力与价值在建国初期充满变数的历史情境下展开委托代理多方互动,促成了建国初期中国科学建制化的产生、演进和定型。进而将建制化进程分为三个阶段,并分析各阶段特征。

By utilizing and modifying the theories of D. K. Price and David Guston,I probe into performance and function of the main acting bodies such as the reigning party,administrative service and science institutions in the institutionalized process of Chinese science after People's Republic of China was founded. By this means,some special aspects of Chinese science are discussed.The changing drive and character is analyzed,and the network of national research institutions,national industrial research institutions,science associations and national administrations for science and technology is discussed from an historical point of view. The period from 1949 to 1966 can be divided into three phases:the contract between science and politics was founded from 1949 to 1953,which had defects in regard to the communication of the Party and scientists; then the framework of the Institutionalization of Chinese Science was adjusted according to Mao's mind of learning science and technology from Soviet Union from 1954 to 1956,when every side made a concession; finally the political power and the science autonomy came to a dynamic balance by games from 1957 to 1966,when the relations between the Party,administrative service and science institutions became the sustainable framework of 'Principal-Agent/ Principal-Agent'Mt is concluded that science institutionalization is a dynamic process from simplified 'principal-agent' theory to a multiple actors model. This case study about China is an attempt to contribute to the development of the'principal-agent' theory.