早孕期母血循环中胎儿细胞的检测

Detection of peripheral blood of early pregnancy women for the presence of fetal cell.

自行设计引物并建立早孕妇女外周血中胎儿细胞检测的巢式ＰＣＲ方法、计算机辅助设计的两对引物位于Ｙ染色体ＺＰＹ基因保守区内，扩增产物分别是３５４ｂｐ和３０７ｂｐ，该引物具有高度的特异性和敏感性。应用该引物对３１例６１４周的早孕妇女连续采血基因扩增，１９例妊娠男性胎儿妇女外周血中孕６周即有胎儿细胞检出１／１９（５３％），ＺＰＹ基因检出率随孕周增加而增高，而到孕１２周则达到１８／１９（９４７％），总有效率可达９６８％。提示该方法检测胎儿细胞ＤＮＡ是可行的、且胎儿细胞最早进入母血循环的时间存在明显的个体差异，利用母血中胎儿细胞进行产前诊断的最佳采血时间以孕１２周以后为宜，并应注意假阳性结果的判断。

The nested PCR assay for detection of fetal cells from maternal blood was developed.The oligonucleotied primers designed with computer were located at Y chromosome specific ZFY(zincfingerY)gene,those amplified products were 354 bp and 307 bp.The nested PCR assay had high specificity and sensitivity.Among the 19 pregnancy women,ZFY gene were detected in one case at the 6th gestational age,and in 18/19(94.7%) before the 14th weeks.The results indicated that the prediction obviously increased along with the gestational age.The final accuracy of 96.8%(30/31) was investigated in all cases.This assay of detection fetal DNA was practicable, and the appearance of fetal cells in maternal blood was quite casevariable.The optimum time of maternal blood sample for prenatal diagnosis with fetal cells is at the 12th week.