知识困境及其解决方式：以环境治理为例的博弈模型构建

The Knowledge Dilemma and its Resolution Methods:Game Theoretical Models of Environmental Governance

由于知识差异性、不对称性、沟通不完整性、稀缺性及集体行动障碍等导致的共同知识短缺是知识困境的最重要表现形式。以环境治理中二人草原管理的简化情景为例,本文构建了描述知识困境的简易博弈模型,发展了解决困境的三种经典博弈模型:强制模型、自学模型和学者模型。研究还指出决策者可依据从适用条件、自愿程度、个体收益、共同知识稳定性及纠错能力等方面对三种解决模型的比较分析和以个体收益组合和共同知识收益为两个基本变量的成本收益分析来最终选定特定条件下解决具体知识困境的合适模型。

The knowledge dilemma refers to the situation in which common knowledge is needed yet it is underprovided due to a variety of reasons such as knowledge heterogeneity, knowledge asymmetry, communication imperfections, communication scarce, and communication failure. Using a two - person grassland management game as an example, this study developed a game theoretical model for describing the knowledge dilemma and explored its three classical resolution methods： the Coercion Model, the Self - Learning Model, and the Scholar - Participated Model. The study also suggested that decision makers can decide the suitable method for resolving certain knowledge dilemma problems on the basis of a comparative analysis of the three models from the dimensions of applicable conditions, voluntary levels, individual payoffs, stability of common knowl- edge, and error - correction capability and a cost - benefit analysis in which individual payoff matrix and the return of the common knowledge are two major variables.