污泥农用后土壤中重金属对小麦和玉米品质的影响及评价

Effect and Evaluation of Heavy Mentals in Soil on Quality of Wheat and Maize after Sludge was Applied to Soil

通过田间试验,研究生活污泥农用后土壤中重金属对小麦和玉米品质的影响。设5个不同污泥处理量,分别种植玉米和小麦,收获后测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd4种重金属在作物子粒中的含量,并对其进行单因子评价和多因子评价。结果表明,小麦子粒对重金属的吸收富集能力为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd,玉米子粒对重金属的富集能力为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb,且小麦子粒对Cu和Zn的富集能力远远大于玉米子粒。污染评价指数表明,在小麦子粒和玉米子粒中,只有Pb的单项污染指数大于1,污染较严重;综合污染指数除对照区处于警戒范围内,其余不同污泥施用量的处理,综合污染指数都达到轻污染水平,其中Pb是唯一的污染因素。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate impacts of heavy metals on quality of wheat and maize after sludge was applied to soil. In this study, domestic sludge was applied at five different sludge application quantities to the soil, after which wheat and maize were planted. The contents of heavy metals （ Cu,Zn, Pb, Cd） in seed were tested after the crops were harvested. Single-factor evaluation and multi-factor evaluation were used in the analysis. The test results showed that the accumulation capacity of heavy metals in wheat and maize seeds were Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cd and Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Cd 〉 Pb, respectively, and accumulations capacity of Cu and Zn in wheat seeds was far greater than that in maize seeds. Pollution assessment index shows that only single pollution index of Pb was greater than 1 in wheat grain and maize grain, indicating that the pollution was rather serious. Integrated pollution index all reached the level of slight pollution in different application quantities of sludge except that integrated pollution index of contrast area was within alert range, among which Pb was the only contamination factor.