压力下篮球运动员“Choking”现象心理机制的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Psychological Mechanism of "Choking" of Adolescent Basketball Players under Pressure

采用现场实验法,以78名篮球运动员和30名普通大学二年级生为被试,设计3个连续的试验来研究压力下运动员"Choking"现象的心理机制。研究1测试不同注意指向下专家与新手的运动表现差异;研究2测试观察压力下运动员的"Choking"现象;研究3测试压力下运动员的"Choking"与人格特质的关系。试验研究结果与研究假设基本相符,并对研究结果进行理论分析。

Choking is used to describe athletes＇ performance decrease under pressure.It usually occurs at a critical moment or important competition,and characterized by increasing the occurrence of a number of mistakes should not happen under pressures.The article used field experimental method,select-ed 78 basketball athletes and 30 university students as participants.Study 1 tested the expert and novice’s movement performance difference at different attention direction;Study 2 tested athlete＇s phenomenon of choking under pressure;Study 3 tested the relations between athlete’s choking and the person-ality characteristic under pressures.Experiment result was consistent with hypothesis,base on the experiment result,theoretical discussion is carried out.