再论公地的悲剧——基于公平偏好的博弈分析

Second Treatise of Tragedy of Commons——A Game Analysis Based on Fairness Preference

公地的悲剧指出了在市场经济环境下大量存在的有关社会协调的问题。个体理性和社会理性的矛盾冲突是公地的悲剧存在的理论前提,公地的悲剧是理性人假设必然结果。放宽完全自利的理性人假设,个体存在的公平偏好所具有的道德考量能够避免公地的悲剧,通过参与人的相互协调而达到社会和个人最优的帕累托最优的结果。道德是市场经济良好运行的非常重要的因素之一。

The tragedy of commons points out many existent social coordination problems under the environment of market economy.The individual rationality and social rational conflict premises the tragedy of commons,which is an inevitable result of rational man hypothesis.Relaxed complete rational man hypothesis,the moral consideration which exists in individual fairness preference may avoid the tragedy of commons,and achieve pareto optimality in sense of social and personal optimal result.Personal moral is a very important factor,which ensures the favorable operation of market economy.