中小学生视力低下多种干预方法效果研究

Effect evaluation of different intervention methods for prevention and control of poor eyesight in primary and secondary students

目的分析中小学生视力变化趋势,探讨多种干预措施对中小学生视力低下的干预效果。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取武汉市10所学校91个班级4 380名中小学生,于2009年3月2日进行视力检查,采用按年级和视力程度随机区组的分组方法将研究对象分为综合干预、行为干预、眼保健操干预和对照组,进行干预研究,于2009年6月5日再次对其视力进行检查,并对干预效果进行评价。结果 3个月内中小学生视力低下程度逐渐加重,初中生、高中生视力加重程度较小学生严重。3种干预方法对小学生视力低下防制均有不同程度的效果,而综合干预对初中生和高中生视力低下有效。综合干预效果优于行为干预和眼保健操干预,且综合干预法对小学生、初中生效果优于高中生。结论综合干预有控制中小学生视力低下发展的作用,视力低下防制应将工作重点前移,以预防为主,进行综合干预。

Objective To investigate the trends of eyesight in primary and secondary students and evaluate the effects of different interventions for prevention and control of their poor eyesight.Methods We sampled 91 classes including 4 380 students from 10 schools in Wuhan and investigated a baseline information on March 2,2009.We conducted comprehensive intervention,behavior intervention and ocular gymnastics intervention by groups. Control groups were selected by randomized block design to compare the intervention effects.Other vision status was detected on June 5,2009.Results The eyesight of the majority of controls was gradually decreased in 3 months.The number of students with severe poor vision was increased significantly.Junior middle school students and senior high school students committed more serious eyesight deterioration than primary school students.All the three intervention methods had significant effects in varied degree for poor eyesight,but the comprehensive intervention was better than the others,and comprehensive intervention had better effect on primary school students and junior middle school students than senior high school students.Conclusions Poor eyesight prevention and control should be focused on children and adolescent.Comprehensive intervention should be paid enough attention to.