2006-2008年河北省6家医院急诊室道路交通伤害监测分析

Analysis of road traffic injuries from 2006 to 2008 by emergency room surveillance in 6 hospitals of Hebei Province

目的分析河北省部分城乡居民道路交通伤害状况和危害程度,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法资料来源于秦皇岛市、藁城市各3家不同级别伤害监测哨点医院急诊室。对2006年1月1日至2008年12月31日首次就诊于哨点医院的道路交通伤害病人资料进行分析。结果共收集61 546例伤害病例,交通伤病例21 288例,占34.59%。患者男女性别比为1.94∶1,各年龄段之间男、女性别构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=124.224,P<0.05);伤害性质以擦伤或浅表伤、骨折为主;交通伤发生时活动主要为驾乘交通工具和休闲活动;伤害严重程度以轻度为主;伤害部位以头部、下肢为主;机动车车祸发生时间有一定规律性。结论道路交通伤害发生存在一定规律,应充分利用医院急诊伤害监测系统,制定有针对性的预防条例并使其成为获取道路交通伤害发生情况的重要信息来源之一。

Objective To analyze the status of road traffic injuries（RTI） and its levels among residents of urban and rural in Hebei province for providing scientific evidence for constituting RTI effective interventions.Methods The surveillance of the patients＇ datas who came to the hospitals＇ emergency room for the first time from Jan.1st 2006 to Dec.31st 2008 of 6 hospitals at different levels in Qinhuangdao City and Gaocheng City were made.Results Total 61 546 injuries were collected,of which 34.59%（n=21 288） were RTI.Sex ratio of male to female was 1.94∶1,there were significant differences between male and female in age groups of occurrence（χ^2= 124.224,P0.05）.Bruise or superficial and fracture injuries were two main types of the quality of RTI.Road traffic injuries were most frequent during driving or riding and leisure.Light road traffic injurie was the main type,the most of common injured positions were the head and crura.The happening time of RTI was regular.Conclusions Road traffic injury has its own features.Emergency room-based injury surveillance system should be fully used to set up preventive ordinance against injuries among different people and different aspects and bring out essential information on road traffic injury.