亚洲小车蝗不同地理种群遗传多样性的等位酶分析

Allozyme analysis on genetic diversity of eight geographical populations of Oedaleus asiaticus in Inner Mongolia

采用等位酶电泳技术对亚洲小车蝗8个地理种群遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了研究,并对8种等位酶系统:苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、苹果酸酶(ME)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸-草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、腺苷酸激酶(AK)和己糖激酶(HK)进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明:在亚洲小车蝗8个地理种群中共检测到14个基因位点,其中7个位点为多态位点,检测到25个等位基因;种群总体水平多态位点比率P=42.86%,平均有效基因数A=1.786,平均期望杂合度He=0.072,种群平均遗传距离为0.069～0.235。聚类分析表明,遗传距离与地理距离存在一定相关性。亚洲小车蝗8个种群的遗传分化系数Fst=0.086,基因流Nm=3.142,表明亚洲小车蝗种群间有一定程度的遗传分化及基因交流。

By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of allozymes,this paper studied the genetic diversity among and within eight geographic populations of Oedaleus asiaticus in Inner Mongolia. Eight allozymes,including malate dehydrogenase （MDH）,malic enzyme （ME）,alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH）,glutamate dehydrogenase （GDH）,glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT）,isocitrate dehydrogenase （IDH）,adenylatese （AK）,and hexokinase （HK）,were analyzed. Fourteen loci and twenty-five alleles were detected,with 7 loci polymorphic,and the overall proportion of polymorphic loci （P） was 42.86%. The average number of the alleles per locus （A） was 1.786,the expected heterozygosity He was 0.072,and the mean genetic distance was 0.069-0.235. The dendrogram was constructed by using UPGMA method,and the results indicated that the genetic distances were correlated with the geographical distances among the populations. Among the eight geographic populations of O. asiaticus,the coefficient of gene differentiation Fst was 0.086,and the number of migrants per generation （Nm） was 3.142. Our study indicated that there existed certain degree of genetic differentiation and gene flow among the eight geographic populations of O. asiaticus in Inner Mongolia.