中外水质基准发展趋势和存在的问题

Water quality criteria at home and abroad:Development trend and existed problems

水质基准,是制定水质标准限值的重要依据,是科学的水质管理体系的重要组成部分。我国水体污染形势严峻,区域环境差异明显,亟需建立适合我国水环境特征的水质基准作为水质控制和管理的理论依据。本文就中外水质基准的研究情况进行了探讨,主要包括以下几个方面:1)水质基准的概念及含义;2)欧美国家水质基准的研究历史、现状、发展趋势及存在的关键问题;3)我国水质基准体系的研究重点和发展趋势:包括区域水环境特征调查、人体流行病学调查和生物毒理学研究、水质基准理论与方法学的研究。

Ambient water quality criteria are the important basis for establishing water quality standards,and the significant part of scientific water quality management system. Aiming at the grim situation of water pollution and the obvious differences in regional environment in China,it＇s urgent to establish water quality criteria fitting the characters of China water environment to supply theoretic bases for controlling and managing water quality. This paper reviewed the research advances on the water quality criteria at home and abroad,with the focus on （1） the concept and connotation of ambient water quality criteria,（2） research history,status,development trend,and scientific issues of water quality criteria in American,European,and other countries,and （3） research emphasis and development trend in China,including regional water environment investigation,epidemiology,biotoxicology,and theories and methodologies in establishing ambient water quality criteria.