心理学研究的七个方向:以运动性心理疲劳为例

Seven Directions in Psychology Research:Taking Athlete Burnout as an Example

心理学研究是一个包含概念解构、测量方法、群体差异、相关因素、作用功能、发生机制和行为控制7大方向的系统工程。尝试以这7大方向作为研究框架,探讨运动性心理疲劳的8个具体研究问题:1)如何有效区分体力疲劳、脑力疲劳和心理疲劳?2)Raedeke和Smith(2001)提出的运动性心理疲劳三因素结构是否完备?3)如何依据ABQ分数评价运动性心理疲劳?4)可以用生理和生化这两类指标评价运动性心理疲劳吗?5)执教年限不同的教练员,其心理疲劳会有差异吗?6)运动性心理疲劳对训练质量、比赛效果、成就动机等有何影响?7)运动性心理疲劳的产生原因和中枢机理是什么?8)在理论上,运动性心理疲劳应当与哪些心理学构念和心理学现象有关?介绍了在以上8个问题上的实证研究成果及其理论意义和实践意义。最后指出,自我控制与心理疲劳之间的因果关系是今后继续探索的重要方向。

Psychology research is a systematic project on 7 directions including deconstruction, measurement, group difference, related factors, function, mechanism and behavior control. This paper tried to take these 7 directions as a research framework and discussed 8 specific research questions on athlete burnout ： 1 ） How can burnout be validly differentiated from physical fatigue and mental fatigue？ 2）Whether three factors construct of burnout proposed by Raedeke and Smith （2001） is good enough？ 3）How to evaluate athlete burnout according to Athlete Burnout Question （ABQ） score？ 4）Can physiological and biochemistry indicators be used to evaluate athlete burnout？ 5） Whether there is any burnout difference between coaches with long working experience and coaches with short working experience？ 6）What are effects of burnout on training quality, competition level and achievement motivation？ 7）What factors contribute to burnout and what is mechanism of burnout？ 8）Theoretically speaking, what psychological constructs are related to athlete burnout？ This paper introduced our empirical research findings and their implications. It is pointed out that causal link between self-control and burnout might be a useful direction for future research.