事物首现与无定式把字句的存在理据

Objects Appear First and the Existence Motivation for Indefinite Ba(把) Sentence

以"事物首现"为视点,探讨"他不小心把一个杯子打破了"类的无定式把字句的存在理据。"把"后"一量名"具有"说话人已知、听话人未知"的信息特征。无定式把字句不能表达祈使语气,在现代汉语中是受限制的格式,它实际上是一种扭曲现象,它必须同时满足事物首现、把字句句法、听说双方未知已知对立等不同方面的要求,正是因为无定式把字句具备这种能力,还具有一系列的语用价值,它才得以存在于现代汉语之中。

This thesis takes ＂objects appear first＂ as viewpoint to discuss the existence motivation for indefinite Ba（把） sentences, like ＂tabu xiao xin ba yi ge bei zi da pole （他不小心把一个杯子打破子） ＂. The information characters for structures ＂one ＋ quantifier ＋ noun＂ that behind Ba（把） are ＂known to speaker, but unknown for listener＂. Indefinite Ba（把） sentences cannot express imperative mood, and they are restricted formats in Mandarin Chinese. Actually, they are twisted phenomena. Some factors are simultaneously required for these sentences, such as objects appear first, Ba（把） sentence, the known information and unknown information are opposite for speaker and listener, etc. Since indefinite Ba（把） sentences have this kind of abilities and they also own a series of pragmatic values, they can survive in Mandarin Chinese.