我国城市地上地下土地权利的设立——以中关村西区为例

The Establishment of the Aboveground and Underground Space Rights in China——A Case Study of the West Zone of Zhongguancun

土地立体利用已经成为城市空间扩展的新模式,文章采用事先调查和理论研究相结合的方法,首先对国内土地立体利用的典型范例——中关村科技园西区地上地下空间的利用情况进行了描述和总结,之后对目前园区内的地上地下土地权利设立"无章可循"的现状进行了深入分析。从问题的表象入手,总结出环环相扣的原因,进一步说明产生问题的实质是我国地上地下权利设立制度中权利体系、权利的取得、地籍管理以及登记制度4个环节所存在的缺陷。最后,针对各环节中的缺陷提出了相应的政策建议,包括:创设区分建设用地使用权,建立城市地上地下土地权利体系;空间利用各环节增加权属分配工作;制定空间范围地籍测量标准;完善已有的登记制度,做好新旧规定的衔接。以上措施有利于促进我国地上地下土地权利制度的完善,加快对土地资源的高效利用。

At present, three-dimensional land use has become a new model in city spatial expansion. Firstly, combining theory with practice, this paper describes the utilization of the aboveground and underground space in the West Zone of Zhongguancun, which is a classic exampie of three-dimensional land use in China. Then, it analyses the current situation occurred with the absence of relevant laws in establishing the aboveground and underground land rights in this zone. Starting with the representation, it gives the reasons of matter link by link and explains the crux of the matter is that the defects exiting in the system of establishing the aboveground and underground land rights in China, including rights system, obtainment of right, cadastral management and registration system. Finally, aiming at the defects proposed in this paper, it puts forward the corresponding policy proposals, including to create partitioned right to use construction land for completing the aboveground and underground land rights system, to add ownership allocation in all aspects of space utilization, to formulate cadastration standard in space scope, and to improve the existing registration system and connect the old and new regulations. The aim for figuring out those measures above-mentioned is to complete the system of the aboveground and under-ground land rights system and improve the level of land intensive utilization.