我国1996～1998年新生儿破伤风疫情分析

Analysis of Neonatal Tetanus Epidemic Situation in 1996 - 1998 in China.

对１９９６～１９９８年我国法定传染病报告系统报告的新生儿破伤风（ＮＮＴ）疫情进行了分析。１９９６～１９９８年我国报告ＮＮＴ发病率分别为０．２５／１０００活产儿（‰）、０．２２‰、０．１９‰，呈逐年下降趋势。１９９６、１９９７年报告ＮＮＴ死亡数分别居法定报告传染病的第２位和第１位，报告病死率偏低。报告病例中男性所占比例远远高于女性．１９９７年广东省、广西壮族自治区病例有较为明显的夏秋季发病高峰，其它省（自治区、直辖市，下同）无明显夏秋季发病高峰．报告发病率省间差异较大，其中广东、广西最为高发，１９９６、１９９７年报告发病率均在１‰以上，两省病例占全国病例的５０％以上．利用１９９７年各县报告病例数和计划免疫系统常规接种率报告系统上报人口和出生资料，粗略估算出１９９７年全国有１９１个ＮＮＴ发病率高于１‰的高危县。全国法定传染病报告系统提供了很好的３年的ＮＮＴ监测资料．但其监测质量尚有待进一步改善．

Surveillance data on neonatal tetanus (NNT) from 1996 to 1998 were analyzed.The data came from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Reported incidencesof NNT in 1996, 1997 and 1998 were 0.25‰. 0.22‰. 0.19‰ respectively, it decreased gradualfy by year. The NNT death numbers reported in 1996, 1997 ranked at the second and the firstpositions respectively among all the notifiable diseases, but the mortality reported were lower.There was a much higher ratio of reported male cases to the female. A prominent seasonalpeak of NNT in suxnmer^autumn in Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuangzu AutonomousRegion in 1997 was seen hot not in the other Provinces (Autonomous Region, Municipality, thesame below). Among the Provinces, there were great differences in reported morbidity of whichGuangdong and Guangxi were of the highest, it was beyond I hi in 1996, 1997 and the totalcases accounted for more than 50% of the whole country. In 1997, there were 191 high riskcoUnties whose NNT morbidity were higher than 1‰ as roughly estimated from the data ofNNT cases of counties, the birth records, and the reported population from rolltineimmunization coverage reporting system. In 1996~ 1998, the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System had nicely afforded the surveillance data on NNT, but still the surveillancequality is hoped to be father improved.