湖南省长沙市区居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行现状和相关危险因素分析

Epidemic situation and risk factors analysis of COPD of residents in Changsha urban area of Hunan province

目的 了解湖南省城市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患病情况和相关危险因素,为防治慢性阻塞性肺部疾病提供科学依据.方法 以单纯整群抽样方法抽取湖南省长沙市芙蓉区五里牌街道车站北路社区年龄在15岁以上的居民4248例进行调查,所有样本人群采用统一的慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行病学调查问卷表进行问卷调查,并进行体格检查和肺功能普查,对肺功能结果FEV1/FVC＜70%的高危人群进一步进行心电图和X光片检查,对COPD的危险因素进行单因素和多因素1ogistic回归分析.结果 调查应答率为92%,总患病率为4.81%,其中,男性患病率为6.6%,女性为3.0%,男性高于女性（x2=29.92,P＜0.01）,随着年龄增大患病率逐渐上升（P＜0.01）,随着文化程度增高患病率逐渐下降,对单因素logistic分析的相关危险因素引入多因素回归模型进行逐步回归分析结果：COPD相关危险因素中年龄的OR值为1.92（P＜0.01）、性别（以女性为对照）的OR值是1.81（P＜0.01）,房间采光差,COPD患病的危险增加（OR=4.25,P＜0.01）,喂养宠物会大大增加COPD的患病危险（OR=12.08,P＜0.01）,吸烟与COPD患病的OR值为1.74（P＜0.01）并且与吸烟的量有关,吸烟指数（年支数即每日吸烟支数×吸烟年数）在500以上增加COPD患病的危险,被动吸烟与COPD患病的OR值是16.39（P＜0.01）,父亲家族有慢性肺部疾病家族史与COPD患病的OR值是2.13（P＜0.01）、母亲家族有慢性肺部疾病家族史与COPD患病的OR值是2.11（P＜0.01）、教育程度（以未上学为对照）与COPD患病的OR值是0.52（P＜0.01）.结论 湖南省长沙城区COPD患病率较高,住房采光、喂养宠物、下厨、男性、高龄、吸烟、被动吸烟、父母亲家族史是COPD在城市发病的可能危险因素,教育程度是COPD的保护因素,应该针对相关危险因素进行干预,以降低COPD的患病率.

Objective To survey the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）in urban areas of Hunan province and relevant risk factors and provide a basis of the prevention and treatment for COPD. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 4248 residents, aged over 15, by a simple cluster random sampling method in Changsha, Hunan, Wulipai street North Station community. All the respondents filled out an unified epidemiological survey questionnaire. All of the respondents received examination for lung function. Those respondents showed FEV1/FVC 〈70% were further examined by ECG,X ray inspection for differential diagnosis. The data of epidemiological survey was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method. Results The response rate was 92%. The total prevalence of COPD was 4. 81%.The prevalence of COPD in the males was 6. 6%, and 3. 0% in the females. The prevalence of COPD in the males was significantly higher than that in the females （x2 = 29. 915, P 〈 0. 01）. The prevalence increased with age increasing （P 〈0. 01）. The more the education was, the lower the prevalence of COPD was. Risk factors analyzed with non-conditional logistic were as follow. The odd ratio （OR） for COPD in the age was 1.92（P 〈0. 01） and the odd ratio （OR） for COPD in the sex was 1.81 （P 〈0. 01）. The weak lighting in house increased the risk with the OR of 4. 25（P 〈0. 01） and pet feeding further increased the risk with the OR of 12.08（P 〈0. 01）. The odd ratio （OR） for COPD in the smokers was 1.74（P 〈0. 01） and the prevalence of COPD was related with smoking intensity （branch years of cigarette）. Smoking intensity above 500 increased the risk of COPD. The passive smoking increased the risk with the OR of 16. 39（P 〈0. 01）. The odd ratio （OR） for COPD in the paternal family history with chronic pulmonary disease was 2. 13（P 〈0. 01） and 2. 11 （P 〈 0. 01） in the maternal family history. The odd ratio （OR）for COPD in the education degree was 0. 52（P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusions The prevalence of COPD was high in Changsha city, which might be attributed to the risk factors such as house lighting, pet feeding, cooking,aged, male, smoking, passive smoking, and family history. The education degree was the protective factor of COPD. We should intervene the relevant risk factors of COPD so that the prevalence of COPD might be cut down.