我国国家游泳集训队队员身体形态、呼吸机能及发育水平分析

Analysis of the Body Shape,Respiratory Function and Growth Level of the Chinese Swimmers of the National Training Team

为准确了解现阶段我国优秀游泳运动员的身体形态特点,特对2006年我国国家游泳集训队125名队员的身体长度、宽度、围度、皮褶厚度等28个形态指标和肺活量、一维重心、骨骼年龄3个指标进行了测试。测试发现:2006年集训队队员的体型更趋于游泳项目所要求的水中减阻的流线型体征;但队员躯干围度指标的发展趋势不利于降低形态阻力,提醒应通过有针对性的训练加以改善。男队员身体长度及其复合指标整体上均好于2004年队员;2006年队员的上臂肌力与呼吸机能有所下降;一维重心与未成年队员骨龄的测量,能为早期重点培养运动员提供科学依据。

In order to acquire accurately information about the body shape features of Chiese elite swimmers,the article analyses 28 body shape indexes,such as the height,broadness,trunk and limb circumference,thickness of skin-fold,etc.,as well as the indices of vital capacity,one-dimensional center of gravity and bone age of 125 swimmers in the 2006 national training team.The measurement reveals that the body shape of the swimmers features streamline,which meets the swimming requirement of decreasing resistance in water.But the growth tendency of trunk circumference is unfavourable for decreasing body shape resistance.Proper training should be included so as to perfect the body shape.In general,the height and the compound indices of the male swimmers are better than those of the national training team swimmers in 2004.The muscle strength of the upper limbs and the respiratory function of the 2006 swimmers decline to some extent.The measurement of one-dimensional center of gravity and bone age of minor swimmers may provide scientific reference for training athletes at an early stage.