清代高官贪污腐败犯罪及其惩治

The Corruptions of High Ranking Officials and Their Punishment in the Qing Dynasty

高官腐败是清代吏治中的突出问题,大量而隐蔽的巨贪硕蠹在帝国的行政机体内无孔不入,蚕食鲸吞,给王朝政治带来了严重的后果。"严下吏须问上官"。为整饬吏治,清除官场的普遍腐败,清统治者采取严厉措施打击高官贪黩:最高权力直接过问,不避权贵,从重从快。这在一定程度上扼制了腐败的蔓延,清代在康乾年间一度呈现吏治清明的盛世之象。但是,专制制度决定了清代反腐行动的根本局限——反贪政治化、非法制化、形式化,这是清代反贪不力,高官贪腐屡禁不绝的重要原因。

The serious corruptions of high ranking officials in the Qing Dynasty caused imminent dangers to the ruling of the Empire.In order to deal with these serious problems of official supervision administration,some effective measures have been taken to crack-down the corruptions by the Qing government.The Emperor looked into the matter personally and punishment was severe and prompt and privileges could not be used as shields from punishment.These actions slowed down the corrupt crimes and strengthened the supervisory law and discipline.But the Qing＇s dictatorship determined the limit of these anti-corrupt actions.The political and individual factors influenced the investigations and punishment——not ruling by law that made the unceasing corruptions rampant.