北魏民族关系思想论纲

An Outline of Discussion on the Ideas of Beiwei Nationality Relations

北魏时期的各类人物都在不断思考、认识和探讨如何更好地处理北魏与其他政权的关系、鲜卑族与其他民族的关系,甚至还就当时的民族关系问题展开过几次大讨论,不同思想的交锋及碰撞,产生了许多颇有价值的新认识、新观点。无论是他们对大一统的目标定位和具体实践,还是对五德历运的讨论;也无论是他们对汉化问题的认识,还是对"因俗而治"思想观点的阐述,都是基于稳固政权和解决现实民族关系问题的需要,试图建立指导民族关系良性发展的理论体系。他们的思想认识,既有对北魏之前民族关系思想的吸收与继承,也有对北魏之前民族关系思想的深化与发展。当然,也有的思想认识仅仅停留在前人的认识基础上,甚至有的还低于前人的认识水平。北魏时期的民族关系思想既有精华,也有糟粕。"抚之在德"、"亲仁善邻"、"分灾恤患"、"偃武修文"、"令万方各安其所"、"以和为贵"以及"推诚布信"等思想,是中国民族关系思想史乃至中国思想史的宝贵财富,不仅具有重要的历史价值,而且具有很强的现实意义,有的至今仍闪耀着真理的光辉。把其他少数民族当作炮灰、利用战争削弱其他少数民族势力以及希望少数民族之间不断争斗北魏从中获利等思想,是应当彻底抛弃的历史糟粕。

The ideas of nationality relations in the period of Beiwei in ancient China have their essence and their dross.The policy of benevolence and being harmonious with the neighboring states are the good aspects and they are the precious cultural heritage in the history of Chinese ideas.The valuable heritage not only has important historical values,but also profound realistic significance.Some of them are still shining with the glory of truth.The rulers of Beiwei often took the people of national minorities as their cannon fodders,utilized wars as the means to cripple the other nationalities and stirred the other nationalities to fight each other so as to make profits from the wars.All these ideas and actions certainly should be discarded as historical dross.