过量施肥对烤烟生长发育和产质的影响

Effect of Excessive Fertilization on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

利用田间小区试验研究了玉溪市中等肥力的水稻土上过量施用烟草复混肥对烤烟生长发育和产质的影响。试验结果表明:随施肥量的增加,烤烟烟苗成活率下降;烟株生长发育前期生长明显变弱,株高、叶面积系数降低,旺长后期烟株生长迅速,节距减小,茎围变粗;烤烟干物质尤其是地上部干物质积累增加,但烟叶产量却在一定施肥量后明显下降,并且上等烟比例、产值也明显下降;烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖含量降低,总氮、烟碱含量反而升高,烟碱含量增加更明显。

Plot field experiment was carried out to study the effect of excessive fertilization on tobacco growth,development,yield and quality in a paddy field with medium fertility soil in Yuxi city.The results showed that the survival rate of seedling decreases with the increase of fertilizer application.And tobacco growth slows down,plant height and leaf area index reduce at the early stage.But,tobacco grows faster,the inter-node length decreases and stem girth increases at the later period of vigorous growth.The accumulation of dry matter especially over ground part increases,but the leaf yield,high class tobacco ratio and the production value decline significantly after applying certain amount of fertilizer.Besides,the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar decrease,while the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine increase and that of nicotine increases more significantly along with the increase of fertilization.