结核病动物模型研究进展

Advance in Animal Model of Tuberculosis

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的传染病,是危害人类健康的主要传染病之一。动物模型已经成为研究人类传染病的标准化工具。虽然对于结核分枝杆菌而言并没有真正意义的动物资源,但由于不同种类的动物,对分枝杆菌的敏感性不一样,因此可以成为结核病研究的有利工具。结核病最常用的实验动物模型包括小鼠、兔和豚鼠。每种动物有其自身特点,但并不能完全模拟人类疾病。通过建立结核病的动物模型,可以大大增加我们对疾病的病因、毒力和发病机制的理解。除了这三种模型外,非人灵长类也常被用于结核病的研究。本文总结了这几种结核病模型的研究状况。

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,which is one of the main infectious diseases that are harmful to human health.Animal models have become standard tools for the study of a wide array of human infectious diseases.Although there are no true animal reservoirs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis,many different animal species are susceptible to infection with this organism and have served as valuable tools for the study of tuberculosis.The most commonly used experimental animal models of tuberculosis are mouse,rabbit and guinea pigs.Each model has its own merits for studying human tuberculosis,and none completely mimics the human disease.The studies of TB in laboratory animals have significantly increased our understanding of the etiology,virulence and pathogenesis of disease.In addition to these three species,tuberculosis research has occasionally involved nonhuman primates.This review summarizes several important research model of tuberculosis.