新疆喀纳斯自然保护区藓类植物物种多样性与区系调查

Bryoflora and Species Diversity in Kanas Natural Reserve,Xinjiang

从1995～2009年,作者对新疆喀纳斯自然保护区藓类植物进行了全面的调查、采集、鉴定,分析研究。结果表明,该自然保护区藓类植物共有37科113属253种(含1变种),优势科主要体现寒、温带地区分布类型,该区藓类植物生境的多样性可以从物种多样性,如曲尾藓科、木灵藓科、泥炭藓科、紫萼藓科、丛藓科等的广泛分布反映出来。通过与该区相邻的6个地区的物种丰富度系数比较,该自然保护区综合系数S i排第三位,说明此区藓类植物物种多样性丰富,这与本区的水分条件有很大关系。藓类植物区系成分以北温带成分为绝对优势,占总种数的83.33%;东亚成分占总种数的5.10%;东亚-北美成分占总种数的4.17%,各区系成分交汇。主成分分析和聚类分析表明,喀纳斯自然保护区藓类植物区系与新疆东部天山、内蒙古大青山、吉林长白山、河北木兰围场藓类植物区系关系较接近,与贵州梵净山、云南鸡足山藓类植物区系关系疏远,体现了我国北方藓类植物分布特征。

Investigation into the Byroflora of Kanas Natural Reserve from 1995 to 2009 revealed that there were 253 mosses（1 variety） belonging to 113 genera and 37 families.With the major family indicating geographical distribution styles of moss are in frigid and temperate zones.Habitat diversity was reflected from species diversity distribution,which included the families Dicranaceae,Orthotrichaceae,Sphagnaceae,Grimmiaceae and Pottiaceae.Comparing species abundance coefficients with the other six zones,the species coefficient of Kanas Natural Reserve takes the third place,and the cause of higher the species coefficient could be influenced by the water condition.The geographical elements are rich.The North Temperate element（83.33%） played the dominant role,while the East Asia and East Asia-North America element accounted for 5.10% and 4.17% respectively,which are characteristics of East Asia and widely connected with the Bryoflora of northern America.By calculated means of PCA and Hierarchical Cluster,the result showed that the Bryoflora of Kanas Natural Reserve were well connected with those of Eastern Tianshan,Inner Mongolia Daqing Mountains,Changbaishan,Mulanweichang Natural Reserve,but distant with Fanjingshan and Jizushan.The area embodies the character of moss distribution of North China.