断层相的概念及应用

Fault Facies and Their Application

断层相是相分析方法在断层研究中的应用,它实现了对断层三维空间结构、断层结构单元及断层内部岩石物性特点的精确描述。从空间展布上来看,断层具有明显的带状结构,可以将其划分为破碎带和诱导裂缝带2部分。结构单元是断层空间的基本组成,也是断层相研究的基本对象。通过应用断层相分析手段对典型断层包络体内部变形特点进行精确描述,介绍了断层相在实际工作中的研究方法,并最终建立了硅质碎屑岩地层中拉张性断层相模式。分析表明,断层相分析方法对于研究断层的封闭性和稳定性具有非常重要的理论意义,在油气勘探开发及工程建设过程具有广泛的应用价值。

Fault facies are the natural extension of the facies concept into the realm of faulted rock bodies. This approach is succeeded in describing the architecture and petrophysical properties of fault and fault structural elements accurately. Faults exhibit an obviously fault parallel zonation which mainly includes damage zones and in- duced fracture zones in space. Structural elements are the basic units which constitute the fault volumetric architec- ture and are the fundamental objects of fault facies study. Through depicting the deformation characteristics of typi- cal fault envelope precisely using the fault analysis approach, how the analysis methods of fault facies to be used ac- tually is introduced and the facies model of extensional fault in silicielastic rocks is also founded finally. It is shown that the analysis approach of fault facies has great significance in the study of the closure property and the stability of fault facies. In addition, this approach has a broad application to the accumulation, exploration and development of oil and gas fields as well as engineering constructions.