论推定的特征及其根本属性

On the Characteristic of Presumption and Its Fundamental Property

对于推定的认识,中外学者向来众说纷纭,莫衷一是。在这些认识中,法律推定与事实推定杂陈,仅将法律推定与事实推定视为不同的两种类型,并没有将二者着意区分开来,这对于认识推定的特征及其根本属性有着不利影响。近年来,国内有学者对法律推定和事实推定的划分提出了质疑,认为仅有法律推定才能成立。从司法认知的角度,厘清推定与推理、推论和拟制等概念的关系,识别推定的特征及其根本属性,对于推定的司法适用具有重要意义。

The scholars home and abroad have different views on presumption.Among these views,legal presumption and factual presumption are often regarded as different types,making no distinction between them intentionally,which lead to a negative impact on understanding the characteristic of presumption and its fundamental property.In recent years,the domestic scholars have questioned the division of legal presumption and factual presumption,and thought only legal presumption is valid.From the perspective of judicial notice,it is of great significance for the judicial application of presumption to define clearly the concepts of presumption,inference,deduce and fiction,and identify the characteristic and its fundamental property of presumption.