北京市衍生燃料法处置低品质塑料包装的环境影响

Life Cycle Assessment to Determine Environmental Impacts from Treatment of Low-Quality Plastic Packaging Using Refuse-derived Fuel Method in Beijing

采用生命周期评价法对北京市2种衍生燃料(RDF)法处置低品质塑料包装废物的环境影响进行评价,并与填埋和焚烧处置进行比较.通过现场及资料调研获得所有生命周期阶段的能量物质输入、输出和环境外排数据.发电量计算是通过实地调查生活垃圾中低品质塑料包装废物组成特性,用氧弹式量热计测定各组分热值后折算成单位热值,再与北京市生活垃圾焚烧厂G单位热值生活垃圾发电量的调研结果类比,得出其对应的发电量.结果表明:低品质塑料包装废物的4种处置方式环境影响潜值为直接作为RDF焚烧发电<干燥热压RDF焚烧发电<焚烧<填埋,这4种处置方式的环境影响潜值分别为-0.064 9,0.009 0,0.024 1和0.152 8 Pt.直接作为RDF处置方式的环境影响主要集中在无机物对健康损害方面;干燥热压RDF处置的环境影响主要集中在无机物对健康损害和化石燃料方面;焚烧和填埋的环境影响主要集中在气候变化和致癌方面.

Life cycle assessment（LCA） was used to compare the environmental impacts from two treatments of low-quality plastic packaging using refuse-derived fuel（RDF） method with those of landfill and incinerator in Beijing.The data of the mass and energy fluxes and the environmental emissions in the entire life cycle phases were obtained from site investigations and the literature.The composition of low-quality plastic packaging was investigated from the landfill.The heat value of every composition of low-quality plastic packaging was measured by Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter.The power generation was calculated by analogy with the heat value of municipal solid waste from the incinerator G in Beijing.The results showed that the environmental impacts from the four treatments of low-quality plastic packaging waste were the lowest in direct RDF treatment followed by dried and thermoformed RDF,incinerator and landfill.The potential environmental impact values of the four treatments were-0.0649,0.0090,0.0241 and 0.1528 Pt,respectively.The direct RDF from low-quality plastic packaging waste focused damage on respiratory effects from inorganic substances.The dried and thermoformed RDF from low-quality plastic packaging waste focused damage on respiratory effects from inorganic substances and fossil fuel consumption.The environmental impacts of incinerator and landfill mainly came from climate change and carcinogens.