深圳市放射工作人员周围血淋巴细胞微核分析

Analysis on micronuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiological workers in Shenzhen

目的分析本市放射工作人员的职业健康损害情况,为评价放射卫生防护工作提供依据。方法对全市2005—2008年4年间市级、区级医院及与放射相关单位的放射工作人员进行周围血淋巴细胞微核率检测。比较不同年份、不同工龄、不同性别、不同年龄、不同工作种类放射工作人员周围血微核率的变化情况。结果微核细胞率和微核率改变2005—2007年放射工作人员分别与对照组人员比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微核细胞率和微核率按不同年份由高到低依次为:2005年、2007年、2006年、2008年;男、女变化情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);医用X射线诊断放射工作人员检出率高于工业探测人员;不同级别医院由高到低为:区级医院、市级医院、区级以下医院;不同年龄组随着年龄的增加而增高,其中50岁以上放射工作人员比其他年龄组明显增高,经统计学分析,各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同工龄随着工龄的增加而升高。细胞转化率对照组高于观察组但没有统计学意义。结论低剂量电离辐射能引起放射工作人员周围血淋巴细胞微核率的升高,应加强放射工作人员的防护。

Objective To analyze the adverse health effect in radiological workers in Shenzhen,and to provide the data for assessing the effect of radiation protection.Methods Radiological workers in medical units and factories from 2005 to 2008 in Shenzhen were chosen as the objectives.Micronucleus rates were detected by the conventional culture method and then compared with the normal value of healthy adults in the area.The changes of the rates were analyzed by comparing the different seniority,gender,age,type of work etc in the period.Results The rates of micronucleated cell and micronucleus in the radiological workers were 0.23% and 0.24% respectively,showing significant differences with the control group（P〈0.05）.The rates of micronucleated cell and micronucleus in the exposed workers showed that,ranking by year,from high to low,was 2005,2007,2006 and 2008.There were also significances,from high to low,between different types of radiological workers（medical X-ray diagnosis,industrial worker） and between different levels of hospitals（district,municipal and other hospitals）,but no significant difference was demonstrated between genders（P〉0.05）.The rates were observed to be increased with age,with the highest rates in the persons over 50 years old.The rates were also increased with the longer working age.The rate of lymphocyte transformation in the control group was higher than that in the observation group but without statistically significant difference.Conclusion Low dose ionizating radiation may cause the peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus rate increasing in radiological workers,and enhanced radiation protection for the staff should be ensured.