超临界CO_2萃取黑胡椒中有效成分的研究

Comprehensive Extraction of Active Components from Black Pepper by Supercritical CO_2

用超临界CO2萃取技术,首先在低压、低温的条件下选择性萃取黑胡椒精油,进而在高温、高压及极性夹带剂的协同作用下,萃取富含胡椒碱的黑胡椒油树脂。另外,利用分子蒸馏技术纯化超临界CO2萃取的黑胡椒精油,得到适用于日化行业的无色、无辛辣感的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对比分析其香气成分。研究结果表明,超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒精油的较优条件为:萃取压力10MPa、萃取温度35℃、萃取时间1.5h,在该条件下产物得率为3.01%;超临界CO2萃取黑胡椒油树脂的最佳条件为:m(原料)∶m(体积分数95%食用乙醇)=2∶1、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4h,在该条件下油树脂得率为7.88%,油树脂中胡椒碱质量分数为65.79%。

The supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction（SFE-CO2） of essential oil and oleoresin from black pepper is presented in this paper.Firstly,low pressure and temperature was adopted for the selective extraction of black pepper essential oils.Then,high pressure and temperature were introduced at the presence of a polar entrainer for the black pepper oleoresin rich in piperine.Moreover,the black pepper essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction was purified by molecular distillation into the colorless and tasteless product,which could be used in the daily chemical industry.Aroma components were also analyzed by GC-MS.The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions of the supercritical CO2 extraction of black pepper essential oil were 10 MPa of pressure,35 ℃ of temperature and 1.5 h of time.The yield was 3.01%.The optimum conditions of oleoresin extraction were m（raw material）：m（volume fraction 95% ethanol）=2：1,30 MPa of pressure,50 ℃ of temperature and 4 h of time.The yield was 7.88% and the piperine content in oleoresin was 65.79%.