辽宁省玉米主产区农田土壤施肥状况调查

Investigation of Fertilization on Corn in Main Production Regions of Liaoning Province

为了全面了解辽宁省玉米主产区玉米施肥状况,更好地指导农民合理施肥,2005年春季对辽宁省玉米主产区145个农户施肥状况进行了问卷调查。结果表明,辽宁省玉米主产区氮磷钾肥的平均施用量分别为234.4kg/hm2、104.8kg/hm2和53.5kg/hm2,其中化肥提供的氮磷钾分别占总投入的91.4%、72.7%和69.8%,辽中北玉米产区肥料用量明显高于辽西和辽南玉米产区。全省施用氮磷钾的比例为1:0.45:0.23,高产水平玉米的钾肥比例相对较高。辽宁省玉米主产区在玉米养分管理中存在以下几方面问题:(1)有机肥用量较低;(2)磷、钾肥养分施用量不足;(3)氮磷钾施用比例不合理,磷、钾肥的比例相对偏低,尤其是钾肥的比例。

A fertilization investigation on corn was carried out in main production regions of Liaoning province, in order to understand fertilization status and better guide rational fertilization. The results showed that the average N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O application rates on corn were 234.4 kg/hm 2 ,104.8 kg/hm 2 and 53.5kg/hm 2 in Liaoning ,respectively, chemical fertilizer resource N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O account for 91.4% 、 72.7% and 69.8% , chemical fertilizer application rates in north of Liaoning was larger than that of other main area. The ratio of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O was 1 ： 0.45 ： 0.23, K 2 O application rates and ratio were high under high corn yield level. Survey found that following questions existed in nutrient management on corn in Liaoning province： （1） low organic fertlizer, （2） P, K nutrient deficiency; （3） unreasonable NPK ratio, low proportion of phosphorus and potassium, especially the proportion of potash.